mRNA vaccine in a nutshell

 the most simple way to explain

At the moment there are more than 100 vaccines at different stages of development and clinical trials against COVID-19, and yesterday Russia announced the first vaccine approved officially. 

There are several mRNA-type vaccines designed and tested in clinical trials against different diseases, but till now none of them is approved by a medicine agency anywhere in the world. m-RNA and DNA vaccines are a new type of a vaccine against a disease.

mRNA vaccines, having mRNA of the virus SARS-Cov-2, are the first to be approved most probably by regulatory autorities worldwide against COVID-19 as their development/production in appropriate amount for trials is faster. The mRNA is a type of messenger molecule that carries an instruction manual for the production of proteins and tells body cells how to produce a virus protein. As soon as the body starts to produce the protein, the immune system recognizes it as an antigen (foreign body/substance). After this, antibodies against the virus are produced, with the aim here being to prepare the body to fight/defeat the virus.